Monitoring
Blood Sugar
Blood glucose monitoring is the compass of daily Type 1 management. These guides explain how to read your numbers, what your HbA1c really measures, and exactly what to do when blood sugar runs too high or drops too low.
No two days are identical, and everyone responds differently to food, activity and stress. Regular checking is what turns guesswork into informed decisions — and what keeps both highs and lows from becoming emergencies.
HbA1c Explained: What Your Three-Month Number Actually Means
A plain explanation of HbA1c, what it actually measures, the normal, prediabetes and diabetes ranges, and how it…
When HbA1c Can Be Wrong, and Why It Sometimes Lies to You
HbA1c is not always accurate. Anaemia, kidney problems, pregnancy and certain medicines can all distort the reading…
How Diabetes Is Actually Diagnosed and Monitored Over Time
A plain walk through the tests used to diagnose diabetes, fasting glucose, the OGTT and HbA1c, how doctors tell the…
Why Your Blood Sugar Is High When You Wake Up: The Dawn Phenomenon
A plain explanation of the dawn phenomenon, the natural early-morning rise in blood sugar, why it happens, how to tell…
Checking Your Blood Sugar at Home Without Hating It
How home blood glucose testing works with type 1 diabetes, from someone who did it wrong first. Getting a clean…
DKA and Sick-Day Rules: The One Thing You Do Not Skip
Diabetic ketoacidosis is the emergency sick-day rules exist to prevent. What DKA is, the warning signs, and why you…
Treating a Hypo Properly: The 15-15 Rule Explained
A hypo, blood sugar under 4, needs fast acting sugar, not chocolate, and a recheck 15 minutes later. A calm, practical…
Severe Hypos: What Your Family Needs to Know About Glucagon
A severe hypo can leave someone unable to treat themselves. A plain guide to the warning signs, what glucagon actually…
Explore other topics
Diabetes Basics
If you or someone you love has just been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes, this is the place to…
Insulin & Treatment
Type 1 diabetes is always treated with insulin, because the body no longer makes its own. These…
Food & Carbs
There are no forbidden foods with Type 1 diabetes and no special "diabetic" diet — just a healthy…
Technology
Continuous and flash glucose monitors have changed what daily Type 1 management looks like, adding…
Complications & Prevention
One of the main aims of managing Type 1 diabetes is preventing the long-term complications that…
Living Well
Type 1 diabetes does not have to hold you back from anything — sport, travel, driving, study, work…
Turn food decisions into confident ones with Flona
Flona is your daily companion for insulin decisions — basal, rapid-acting, mixed or meal-based — and for estimating carbs at a glance. It is guidance to support you day to day, not a replacement for advice from your physician or diabetes care team.